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The Eurasian magpie or common magpie (''Pica pica'') is a resident breeding bird throughout Europe, much of Asia and northwest Africa. It is one of several birds in the crow family named as magpies, and belongs to the Holarctic radiation of "monochrome" magpies. In Europe, "magpie" is used by English speakers as a synonym for the European magpie: the only other magpie in Europe is the Iberian magpie, which is limited to the Iberian peninsula. The Eurasian magpie is one of the most intelligent birds, and it is believed to be one of the most intelligent of all animals. The expansion of its nidopallium is approximately the same in its relative size as the brain of chimpanzees, orangutans and humans. ==Taxonomy and systematics== The magpie was described and illustrated by Swiss naturalist Conrad Gesner in his ''Historiae animalium'' of 1555. In 1758 Linnaeus included the species in the 10th edition of his ''Systema Naturae'' under the binomial name ''Corvus pica''. The magpie was moved to a separate genus ''Pica'' by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760.〔 ''Pica'' is the classical Latin word for a magpie. The Eurasian magpie is almost identical in appearance to the North American black-billed magpie (''Pica hudsonia'') and at one time the two races were considered to be conspecific.〔 In 2000 the American Ornithologists' Union decided to treat the black-billed magpie as a separate species based on studies of the vocalization and behaviour that indicated that the black-billed magpie was closer to the yellow-billed magpie (''Pica nuttalli'') than to the Eurasian magpie. The gradual clinal variation over the large geographic range and the intergradation of the different races means that the geographical limits and acceptance of the various subspecies varies between authorities. The International Ornithological Congress recognise eleven subspecies: * ''P. p. fennorum'' Lönnberg, 1927 – northern Scandinavia and northwest Russia * ''P. p. pica'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – British Isles and southern Scandinavia east to eastern Europe, south to Mediterranean, including most islands * ''P. p. melanotos'' A.E. Brehm, 1857 – Iberian Peninsula * ''P. p. mauritanica'' Malherbe, 1845 – North Africa (Morocco, northern Algeria and Tunisia) * ''P. p. asirensis'' Bates, 1936 – southwest Saudi Arabia * ''P. p. bactriana'' Bonaparte, 1850 – Siberia east to Lake Baikal, south to Caucasus, Iraq, Iran, Central Asia and Pakistan * ''P. p. hemileucoptera'' Stegmann, 1928 – west and southern Siberia 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eurasian magpie」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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